The Neurobiological Factors Associated with Depression Essay

The Neurobiological Factors Associated with Depression Depression is a mood disorder that affects approximately ten percent of men and nearly twenty-five percent of women at least once in their lifetime (1). There are several types of clinical depression, such as unipolar depression and bipolar depression. Unipolar depression consists of primarily depressive states while bipolar depression involves a fluctuation between states of depression and mania (2). Some of the most common symptoms of depression include excessive feelings of sadness, guilt, or worthlessness, a significant change in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, energy loss, thoughts or attempts of suicide, and anhedonia (3), (4). While the symptoms of depression are†¦show more content†¦While some of the findings from these genetic studies are still preliminary, several investigations have indicated that the role of certain neurotransmitters, called monoamines, in depression is immense (7). Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that bind to receptors in order to excite or inhibit the firing of neurons (6). The Catecholamine Theory of Mood was proposed as a major explanation for the cause of depression in the 1960s by Joseph Schildkraut (7). Schildkraut suggested that a deficiency of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine at receptor sites caused depression while increased levels of norepinephrine caused mania. Some evidence for Schildkraut’s account was established by the success rate of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs, which block the reuptake of monoamines and facilitate the release of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin (8). Further evidence has been established by studies that found decreased norepinephrine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of deceased depressed patients (5). More recently, drugs have been developed that selectively block the reuptake of norepinephrine by the presynaptic cell. It has been found in preliminary st udies that the level of depression decreases in these patients, which provides further evidence for the role of norepinephrine in depression. While empirical support for the Catecholamine Theory of Mood has grown substantially, evidence from more recent studies highlights theShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Addictions and Substance Use Disorders Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction to Addictions and Substance Use Disorders Cognitive-Behavioral Models The cognitive behavioral models say that incentives make way for the right conditions for the need for drug abuse. Drug use is associated with experiences such as self-exploration, religious insights, altering moods, escaping boredom or despair, enhancing creativity, performance, sensory experience or pleasure, and so on (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2012). Cognitive behaviorism has brought in appreciated data at the sameRead MoreNeurobiological And Biological Relationships Of Major Depressive Disorder1312 Words   |  6 PagesNeurobiological and Biological Relationships to Major Depressive Disorder Biological and neurobiological studies have become more and more closely correlated with mental disorders throughout the past decade of scientific progress. This paper aims to expound models that have contributed to our developing understanding of the origins of Major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment guidance, from both neurobiological and biological fields. It will also explore the implications, both positive and negativeRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder Impacts Many People Worldwide1310 Words   |  6 Pagescharacterized by feelings of sadness accompanied by emotional and physical withdrawal, all thought to result from molecular and cellular abnormalities that interact with genetic and environmental factors. To date, no concrete neurobiological explanation exists to completely define, diagnose and treat this illness. Depression debilitates patients, society and economies. An estimated 14.8 million Americans (6.7% of the population) suffer from this disease, costing the eco nomy 83.1 billion US dollars annuallyRead MoreOutline The Processes Of Nociception1498 Words   |  6 Pages-Weak surrounding ankle muscles -Referred pain -Unable to fully weight bear -Reduced Passive Active range of motion Q (2b.) Explain how these factors might impact on her pain. Describe the likely neurobiological mechanisms involved. Relate to the Clinical Model of Pain. Linda may have psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, fear of moving her limb for it might cause more damage and due to her previous injury 2 years ago. Additionally, she is feeling quite disappointed andRead MoreStroke Accounts For 11.13% Of Total Worldwide Mortality1416 Words   |  6 Pagespatients stop taking their prescribed medication 1 to 2 years after their stroke incident [1][2][3]. These high rates of non-adherence are influenced by multiple factors such as patient’s cognitive characteristics, behavioral factors, social support and environmental-related factors (Einsiedel Eastlick, 2000). The consideration of these factors will give us a clearer insight in understanding non-adherence. The causes of non-adherence can be categories into ability, information and motivation (â€Å"AIM†Read More Traumatic Brain Injury Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagesresponse to a perceived threatening stimulus and is frequently accompanied by negative affect, facial expressions described as hostile, temper tantrums, anger and a reported feeling of loss of self-control has been strongly associated with a range of adolescent physical and social factors such as peer rejection and lower social orientation , social skills problems starting fights, getting angry and physical abuse . On the other hand, Proactive aggression (PA) is pre-meditated, controlled or has the specificRead MoreExposure To Social Violence1134 Words   |  5 Pagesfindings showing that intra-familial ACEs (child abuse and household dysfunction) are associated with premature delivery (11–13) and low-birth weight (10,13). Furthermore, it spread out past research (23–25) by confirming the association between maternal history of adversities during childhood and depression during pregnancy. Our analysis adds power to the previous literature on the negative impact of social ACEs on depression. Previous research’s explored peer violence, which has shown that bullied adolescentsRead MoreThe Causes And Consequences Of Anxiety943 Words   |  4 Pagesfurther exploration of these beliefs by Carver and White (1994) will be explored. In addition to these, it is also suggested that anxiety is correlated to hippocampus and amygdala formation and volume, therefore, this idea will also be explored, other factors that may influence anxiety will also be discussed in order to consider other potential causes and consequences of anxiety. After review and consideration of this evidence, the question â€Å"To what extent can individual differences in anxiety be explainedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Ptsd3334 Words   |  14 Pagesobserved to be comorbid in post-trauma patients. As PT SD is often considered the most severe manifestation of post-trauma psychopathology, this review will focus more specifically on the risk factors for developing PTSD and associated psychopathology in response to trauma exposure. Identification of risk factors for the development of PTSD could inform the optimal delivery of services and resources after trauma and disaster to those who are most likely to develop psychopathology and might benefit theRead MoreSubstance Misuse And Substance Abuse Essay1837 Words   |  8 Pagesmisuse behaviour characterised by a strong desire to continually take the drug in uncontrolled manner, which leads to withdrawal symptoms once the dosage of the drug is discontinued (Koob, Sanna Bloom, 1998). This disorder has its roots in both neurobiological and social processes (Galizio Maisto, 2013), this essay will critically discuss both the biological and social catalysts in which substance misuse initiates and leads to substance misuse behaviour, with r eference to the psychopharmacology of

History of Human Resource Management Essay - 1398 Words

The History of Human Resource Management Human resource management is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business. The terms human resource management and human resources (HR) have largely replaced the term personnel management as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations. Human Resource management is evolving rapidly. Human resource management is both an academic theory and a business practice that addresses the theoretical and practical techniques of managing a workforce. (1) Human resource management has it roots in the†¦show more content†¦Some industries experienced difficulty recruiting and retaining employees because of the poor working conditions workers were exposed to. As the means of production continued to shift from farmlands and guilds to city factories, concerns grew about wages, safety, and child labor and 12-hour workdays. Workers began to band together in unions to protect their interests and improve living standards. Government stepped in to provide basic rights and protections for workers. (3) The growth of organized labor soon followed. The first union the Knights of Labor formed in 1869. This union pushed for 8 hour work days (which we all enjoy today), the prohibition of child labor, and equal pay for men and women. Unions supported boycotts Ââ€" not purchasing products from a producer it they were not participating in what the union wanted. The Knights of Labor switched their stance to striking when in the 1880s unemplo yment and wage cuts were widespread. This proved less effective the larger the union became because they could not control the members from unauthorized strikes and sabotaging the factories. The employers resorted to using strikebreakers, non union members willing to replace striking employees. Violence became more prevalent in the late 1900s during strikes. The Molly Maguires became infamous for beatings and murders of employers. The turn of the century did nothing to curtail such violence. TheShow MoreRelatedThe History of Human Resource Management1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Human Resource Management Human resource management  (HRM, or simply  HR) is the  management  of an  organizations  workforce, or  human resources. It is responsible for the  attraction,  selection,  training,  assessment, and  rewarding  of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership  and  culture, and ensuring compliance with  employment and labor laws. In circumstances where employees desire and are legally authorized to hold a  collective bargaining agreement, HR will also serveRead MoreHistory of Human Resource Management2055 Words   |  9 PagesHistory of Human Resource Management Overview of Human Resource Management By definition, Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of organizations most valued assets; specifically the people working there whom individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of objectives of the business. Simply it is the process of employing people, developing their capacities, utilizing, maintaining and compensating their services in tune with theRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Its History Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Resource Management and its history To begin evaluating strategic human resource management approaches, one must first understand the concept of human resource management and how it came to be. Human resource management stemmed from what use to be called personnel management in the early 1940’s. The term human resource management (HRM) was first used in the United States and it suggests to some that â€Å"employees were an asset or resource-like machines, but at the same time HR also appearedRead MoreHistory of Human Resource Management1806 Words   |  8 PagesPeople Management In this assignment I will be looking at the role played by the Personnel Management to Human Resource Management (HRM) for Sainsbury s and there historic developments. I will also be looking at how the existing HR function for Sainsbury s could be developed to work more effectively with the rest of the organisation. Human Resource Management (HRM) is fundamentally another name for personnel management. It is the process of making sure the employees are as creative as theyRead MoreThe Importance of History in Human Resource Management (Philippines Setting)2029 Words   |  9 Pagesimportance of History in Human Resource Management History is defined by the Oxford Dictionary of Current English as â€Å"a continuous record of events.† As such, a country’s history encapsulates all that has happened in the country, and between it and other countries. A country, at a particular point in time, is thus the result of its history. Understanding a country’s history is fundamental to understanding the country and its people. In addition to shaping cultural values, history also shapesRead MoreInformative Speech : The Society Of Human Resource Management966 Words   |  4 PagesINFORMATIVE SPEECH FULL-SENTENCE OUTLINE GUIDE FULL-SENTENCE OUTLINE GUIDE Introduction I. Attention Getter: The Society of Human Resource Management quoted John Green, a Vice President of Human Resources in an article they released called The Look and Feel of Strategic Human Resource Management: Conversations with Senior HR Executive saying â€Å"In the past, when I started the business, the people would look for security and plan to be there the rest of their life. They had more of an attitude ofRead MoreHistory Of Union And Human Resources1205 Words   |  5 Pagescompany gets profit, labor can get their reasonable benefit back. The trend of an organization is management in the twenty-first century. A company thinks an employee is part of assets in the organization. Therefore, the Human Resource Management is more valuable than the union to manage the employee. History of Union and Human Resources The history is a track shows the development of unions and Human Resources. In the past, the original labor unions happened in the nineteenth century which was the IndustryRead MoreCareer Choices For A Career1539 Words   |  7 Pagescareer is dealing with Human Resources. One field that one might look into as a profession would be Human Resource within recreation. With HR being a growing field in recreation, it is important to become equipped in the building blocks to be successful in the career as well as knowing the careers available. Thus following up on what was stated before; the job market is forever growing, meaning, so are new directions a person might take on in the field of Human Resource recreation. RecreationRead MoreHuman Resource Planning : An Important Area Of The Organisation1241 Words   |  5 Pages Strategic human resource management Assignment 2 Name: Muhammad Zakaullah khan Completed: 30/08/15 Student id number: 144014 Lecturer’s name: DAVID Greenshields Human resource planning is an important area of the organisation which deals with all primary activities and its identifies the current and future needs of organisation. It includes hiring, firing, managing, training, developing and rewarding people within the organisation. 2.1: Analyse the business factorsRead MoreHow Strategic Management Plan And The Human Resource Planning Process1410 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: For this assignment we will examine how strategic management plans are established and redefine to keep the organizations moving forward in growth. Management promotes and brings about a change in the structure to keep it active and efficient in the approaches to achieving its goals and objective. The strategy behind the approaches correlation is what leads to actually implementing and providing data to analyze on an ongoing basis to enhance the strategic plan of the organization. The

Raise the drinking age free essay sample

Allowing only adults of the age 25 or older to consume alcohol is a decision that could help prevent thousands of alcohol related fatalities every year. This is a controversial topic that is discussed and debated by many. One individual in particular is Andrew Herman, who argues this in â€Å"Raise the Drinking age to Twenty-Five†. Herman does very well in addressing the rhetorical situation by presenting the audience with data from alcohol related accidents and deaths, this evidence is strong and makes his claim credible and logical. Herman does a tremendous job identifying his position on making the drinking age 25. He also does well separating the audience and speaking directly to them on his position toward the drinking age. Herman’s argument is directed to an audience of anyone who has ever attended college or a college party. He provides the audience with evidence and data such as â€Å"Every year 1,400 college students die from drinking too much† or â€Å"Every year 17,000 die from drunken driving† (Herman 470). We will write a custom essay sample on Raise the drinking age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Herman uses these to persuade his audience to agree. To continue, Herman uses excellent means of persuasion such as Logos and Ethos. He also uses a small amount of pathos to persuade his audience’s emotions. For example throughout the article Herman uses the Logos technique to persuade the audience logically increasing the drinking age will decrease the amount of youth drinking, therefore preventing deaths due to alcohol consumption . Also, Herman gives annual numbers of alcohol accidents and deaths as a form of Ethos to persuade the audience. Last, he uses a small example of Pathos as he says â€Å"For the sake of our friends, those we love and our futures† (Herman 471). This appeals to the audience’s emotions further persuading them to agree. Furthermore, Herman’s Rhetorical strategies develop very well because of his organization, evidence and use of strategies. His organization helps identify his thesis and explains the principal reason behind his article. Also Herman uses great techniques of Ethos, Logos and Pathos to persuade the audience. Then Herman’s evidence helps connect these ideas back together to a coherent claim. All in all, Andrew Herman addressed the Rhetorical Situation very well by identifying it and presenting his audience with credible evidence to back up his claim.  Because of this Herman’s Rhetorical strategies were extremely effective in getting the interest of the audience. He had a specific claim and very strong evidence that supported his claim well. Raise the drinking age free essay sample Allowing only adults of the age 25 or older to consume alcohol is a decision that could help prevent thousands of alcohol related fatalities every year. This is a controversial topic that is discussed and debated by many. One individual in particular is Andrew Herman, who argues this in â€Å"Raise the Drinking age to Twenty-Five†. Herman does very well in addressing the rhetorical situation by presenting the audience with data from alcohol related accidents and deaths, this evidence is strong and makes his claim credible and logical. Herman does a tremendous job identifying his position on making the drinking age 25. He also does well separating the audience and speaking directly to them on his position toward the drinking age. Herman’s argument is directed to an audience of anyone who has ever attended college or a college party. He provides the audience with evidence and data such as â€Å"Every year 1,400 college students die from drinking too much† or â€Å"Every year 17,000 die from drunken driving† (Herman 470). We will write a custom essay sample on Raise the drinking age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Herman uses these to persuade his audience to agree. To continue, Herman uses excellent means of persuasion such as Logos and Ethos. He also uses a small amount of pathos to persuade his audience’s emotions. For example throughout the article Herman uses the Logos technique to persuade the audience logically increasing the drinking age will decrease the amount of youth drinking, therefore preventing deaths due to alcohol consumption . Also, Herman gives annual numbers of alcohol accidents and deaths as a form of Ethos to persuade the audience. Last, he uses a small example of Pathos as he says â€Å"For the sake of our friends, those we love and our futures† (Herman 471). This appeals to the audience’s emotions further persuading them to agree. Furthermore, Herman’s Rhetorical strategies develop very well because of his organization, evidence and use of strategies. His organization helps identify his thesis and explains the principal reason behind his article. Also Herman uses great techniques of Ethos, Logos and Pathos to persuade the audience. Then Herman’s evidence helps connect these ideas back together to a coherent claim. All in all, Andrew Herman addressed the Rhetorical Situation very well by identifying it and presenting his audience with credible evidence to back up his claim. Because of this Herman’s Rhetorical strategies were extremely effective in getting the interest of the audience. He had a specific claim and very strong evidence that supported his claim well.

Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston Essay Example

Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston Paper Asian American womens writing came of age in the 1970s and 1980s. Most of these women writers were middle- or upper-class, well-educated women. This fact is reflected in the development of Asian American memoir/fiction-as-theory and can be seen in the works of Maxine Hong Kingston. Maxine Hong Kingston utilizes the Chinese tradition of â€Å"talking-story† as a structuring device within her prose narratives. â€Å"Talking-story,† as its name suggests, is the female Chinese practice of telling stories, often from one generation to the next. One of such â€Å"talking-stories† is Maxine Hong Kingstons autobiography, The Woman Warrior, which embodies the search for identity in the narrative act. The Woman Warrior expresses the Chinese American experience through family history combined with memory, legend, and imaginative projection. Maxine Hong Kingston is writing about the writer’s Chinese American experience and the Chinese American experience, where Maxine has stressed the need for many voices to speak out and express the diversity and variety of Chinese American life. The Woman Warrior needs to be considered fundamentally as feminist text. As Kingston says quite simply, ‘Growing up as I did as a kid, I don’t see how I could not have been a feminist. In Chinese culture, people always talk about how girls are bad. Right away, it makes you radical like anything’ (Kubota 1998, p. 3). Clearly, The Woman Warrior partly concerns the narrator’s apprehension of, and rebellion against the misogynistic scenario. At the same time, however, she is quick to recognize its repressive complement in the sexual standards of America, where feminine submissiveness is prized in different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kingston’s highly crafted reworking of mythological and biographical sources in the text as a whole is underpinned by a desire to move through and beyond these limiting constructions. In her reappropriation of the Fa Mu Lan mythology, particularly, she can be seen as attempting to construct a new narrative of femininity that is neither ‘traditionally’ Chinese nor ‘traditionally’ American, combining the assertion of female strength and resourcefulness with the celebration of passion and maternity. By equating the battles of her reappropriated Fa Mu Lan with the author’s own struggles of writing, moreover, she explicitly seeks to identify her own use of story-telling as the weaponry of a contemporary woman warrior: The swordswoman and I are not so dissimilar. May my people understand the resemblance soon so that I can return to them. What we have in common are the words at our backs. The idioms for revenge are ‘report a crime’ and ‘report to five families’. The reporting is the vengeance not the beheading, not the gutting, but the words. And I have so many words ’chink’ words and ‘gook’ words too that they do not fit on my skin. (p. 53) In Maxine Hong Kingstons family memoirs, The Woman Warrior is introduced as a complex legacy of family secrets, a repressed history that haunts the American-born narrator. Although The Woman Warrior seems to suggest that the narrators primary quarrels are with her parents and community, whose methods of socializing her seem too Chinese and out of step with the familys life in America, the grimness of that life is gradually revealed to be rooted in the Asian American past in America, the invisibility of that past to mainstream Americans, and its consequent resistance to narration. When Maxine Hong Kingston broke the silence that had been punishing her aunt in 1975, she shocked American readers into recognizing Chinese Americans as complex subjects, subtly changing the cultural landscape for those to follow, but many of her readers did not immediately understand that hers was an American story. The narrator in The Woman Warrior struggles to comprehend the legacy of craziness and conventionality, of curses and blessings, bequeathed her by her mother, who is at once a vessel of traditional culture and a courageous fighter in a harsh environment. The daughter, fearful that she has â€Å"no stories of equal pain,† avoids becoming merely the transmitter of her mothers stories: although The Woman Warrior begins with the mothers stories, it ends with the daughters.